In Dante's view, what is a common theme among the punishments in Hell?

In Dante's view, a prominent theme among the punishments in Hell is the concept of retribution fitting the crime, often referred to as "contrapasso." This principle dictates that the punishment in Hell reflects the nature of the sin committed during one's life on Earth. For instance, a gluttonous person might find themselves eternally forced to eat filth, symbolizing the excess and indulgence they exhibited in life. Each punishment serves not only as a consequence but as a form of poetic justice, aligning the nature and severity of the sin with a corresponding punishment. This system of moral accountability reinforces the idea of divine justice, where every soul receives a punishment that corresponds directly with their actions and choices, highlighting the seriousness of sin and its consequences in Dante's moral universe.

Other options, such as the themes of redemption through suffering or forgiveness of the soul, do not accurately capture the essence of Dante's portrayal of Hell. The focus in Inferno is primarily on justice and the consequences of one's actions rather than the potential for redemption or forgiveness, which are more relevant themes in other parts of Dante's works, such as Purgatorio or Paradiso. The idea of external torment without cause does not align with Dante’s structured approach to punishment,