Which emotional state is primarily represented by Count Ugolino during his punishment?

Count Ugolino's emotional state during his punishment in Dante's Inferno is primarily one of despair. This is vividly illustrated in the way he recounts his tragic story of betrayal and suffering. Ugolino, trapped in the Ninth Circle of Hell, is condemned to gnaw on the head of the one who betrayed him, Archbishop Ruggeri. His overwhelming sense of despair stems from both the loss of his children, who suffer alongside him, and the horrific nature of his punishment.

His narrative conveys a profound sense of hopelessness as he reflects on the depth of his betrayal and the unbearable circumstances he faces. This despair is compounded by the realization that he has lost not only his life but also the chance of redemption and the love of his family. The imagery and themes in this part of Dante's work highlight the emotional torment Ugolino endures, making despair the most fitting representation of his emotional state throughout his punishment.