Which sin is punished in the fourth circle of Hell, and what is the punishment?

The sin punished in the fourth circle of Hell is greed, which Dante categorizes as a specific form of avarice. In this circle, the souls of the greedy and the spendthrifts are condemned to push heavy weights against each other as a form of punishment. This perpetual struggle symbolizes their mismanagement of material wealth during their lives, where they either hoarded their possessions or squandered them.

The punishment of pushing heavy weights serves as an ironic reflection of their earthly lives, where their insatiable desire for wealth led to a lack of balance and harmony. The heavy weights represent the burden of their greed, which they must carry for eternity, emphasizing the futility of their lives spent pursuing material gain at the expense of spiritual growth and community.

In contrast to this, the punishments associated with the other sins listed do not accurately reflect the content of the fourth circle. For instance, wrath involves battling with others, lust relates to being tossed by winds, and violence pertains to drowning, but none of these accurately pertain to greed, which is specifically and uniquely addressed in this part of Dante's Inferno.